Mercury Grand Marquis Ls 2006 No a/c Fan

"Grand Don Marquis" redirects hither. For the record album by Joe McPhee and Johnny McClellan, see Grand Marquis (album).

Automotive vehicle

Mercury Rarified Marquis
A 2003 to 2005 Mercury Sumptuous Marquis LS
Overview
Producer	Mercury (Ford)
Besides called	Ford Grand Marquis (Mexico and Venezuela)
Model years	1975–2011
Body and flesh
Sort	Full-size
Political program	Ford Hermann Hueffer Panther platform
Chronology
Predecessor	Mercury Marquis

The Mercury Grand Marquis is an automobile that was sold-out aside the Hydrargyrum division of Henry Ford II Motor Society from 1975 to 2011. From 1975 to 1982, IT was the premium model of the Hydrargyrum Marquess line of full-size of it sedans, becoming a standalone model line in 1983. For 2003 and 2004, information technology was oversubscribed alongside the revival of the Mercury Marauder.

From 1979 to its 2011 discontinuance, the Grand Marquis distributed the rear-wheel drive Panther platform with the Lincoln Township Car and the Ford (LTD) Crown Victoria. For 31 years, the Rich Marquis and Crown Victoria were functionally identical twins, built collectively along the same production line in Canada with lone minor garnish styling separating them. Produced across three generations, the Grand Marquis was offered nearly exclusively as a tetrad-door sedan; a ii-door sedan was marketed from 1975 to 1986. From 1983 to 1991, the model line included the wood-trimmed Hydrargyrum Colony Park station wagon.

During its yield, the Grand Marquis was factory-made at two facilities aboard the (LTD) Crown Victoria and Mercury Marquis: the St. Louis Assembly Plant in Hazelwood, Missouri (1979-1985) and the St. St. Thomas Meeting place Embed in Southwold, Lake Ontario, Canada (1986-2011). While the discontinuation of the Hg brand was announced during 2010, Mercury produced a limited run of 2011 vehicles. Along January 4, 2011, the final Grand Marquis rolled off the production line, proper the final Mercury vehicle ever produced.^[1]

1975–1978 [edit]

Motor fomite

1975-1978
1975–1978 Quicksilver Grand Marquess 2-door
Overview
Model years	1975–1978
Assembly	Hazelwood, Missouri (Gateway to the West Meeting place Establish) Pico Rivera, California (Los Angeles Assembly) Hapeville, Georgia (Battle of Atlanta Meeting place)
Organic structure and chassis
Class	Well-lined-size car
Body panach	2-threshold hardtop (1975-1978) 2-door sedan (1979-1982) 4-door columned hardtop (1975-1978) 4-door sedan (1979-1982) 5-door station wagon (1979-1982)
Layout	Francium layout (body connected frame)
Platform	Full-size Ford (1975–1978) Ford Panther platform (1979–1982)
Consanguine	Mercury Dependency Park Ford LTD Ford Land Squire Lincoln Geographic region
Chronology
Predecessor	Mercury Marquis
Replacement	Atomic number 8 Grand Marquis (1983–1991)

For the 1967 good example year, Mercury debuted the Marquis model line, introducing it as the Hg counterpart of the Ford LTD. From 1967 to 1968, the Marquis was a two-room access hardtop version of the Mercury Monterey. For 1969, Atomic number 8 reconfigured its full-size poser set out. While the Marquis was expanded to a full manikin range, the Montclair and Park Lane were discontinued, with the Marquis adopting the Brougham cut of the Park Lane; the Colony Mungo Park station wagon was co-ed into the Monterey line. Replacing the S-55, the Marauder was revived as a fastback variant of the Marquess, permanent through 1970.

For 1974, the Big Marquess nameplate successful its original appearance, introduced as an interior trimness package of the Marquis Brougham.^{[2] [3]} Additionally to a wood-trim steering wheel, the interior was fitted with leather-and-velour Split-bench seats.^[3] For 1975, Hg discontinued the Monterey (a Mercury nameplate since 1950), with the Marquis becoming the sole full-size of it Mercury product line. To expand its full-size mould range upward, the Grand Don Marquis became the highest-trim Marquis, slotted above the Brougham.^[4] Bridging the monetary value and content gap between the Marquis Brougham and the Lincoln Geographic region, the Rich Marquis gave Quicksilver an opportunity to compete against the Buick Electra 225, Oldsmobile Ninety Eight, and Chrysler New Yorker Brougham. The Grand Marquis was accoutered with the 460 V8; 4-wheel saucer brakes were offered as an pick. For 1976, in the interest of fuel economy, a 400 cubic-inch V8 became standard through 1977, with a 351 cubic-in V8 becoming standard for 1978, except in Golden State where the 400 V8 was standard. The 460 remained obtainable as an pick. For this generation, four-door models were sleazy-column sedans, with frameless door glass but a thin unadjustable B pillar between the doors. Coupes retained the hardtop body from pre-1975 cars but had fixed seat windows.

For the 1979 model year, as Ford Madox Ford and Mercury downsized their rich-size fashion mode lines, the Grand Marquis made its return, gaining interior space over its 1978 predecessor.^[5] For 1980, Ford introduced the LTD Crown Victoria as the first direct similitude of the Grand Don Marquis.

• 

  1977 Mercury Grand Marquess four-door thin-column hardtop

• 

  1977 Mercury Grand Marquis four-door paper thin-column hardtop, rear view

• 

  1978 Mercury Grand Marquis ii-doorway hardtop

• 

  1975-1978 Mercury Lordly Marquis, rear 3/4 view

First generation (1979–1991) [edit]

Automotive vehicle

First propagation
1983 Hg Lordly Marquis LS coupe
Overview
Also called	Ford Conquistador (Venezuela, 1984–1989) Fording Grand Marquis (Mexico, 1982-1984)
Model years	1979–1991 987,818 produced
Assembly	Canada: St. Thomas, Ontario (St. Thomas Meeting place) United States: Red gum, Missouri (St. Louis Gathering Plant) Venezuela: Barcelona, Anzoátegui (División Industrial Automotriz) Mexico: Cuautitlán Assembly
Body and chassis
Body flair	2-threshold coupe 4-room access sedan 5-door post wagon
Accompanying	Hg Colony Park Ford LTD Crown Victoria Ford Country Squire Lincoln Town Car Lincoln Continental
Powertrain
Locomotive engine	302 atomic number 29 in (4.9 L) 5.0 Windsor V8 (1983–1991) 351 cu in (5.8 L) Windsor V8 (1986–1991)
Transmission	4-speed AOD self-locking
Dimensions
Wheelbase	114.3 in (2,903 millimeter)[6]
Length	213.5 in (5,423 mm)
Breadth	77.5 in (1,968 mm)
Height	55.4 in (1,407 mm)

For 1979, Mercury downsized its full-size model personal line of credit first, with the Grand Marquis making its return every bit the premium posture of the Mercury Marquis model range. Xvii inches shorter and nearly 1000 pounds lighter (dependent connected powertrain) than its 1978 predecessor. Piece its exterior footprint closely matched the Cougar (Montego) intermediate sedan, the 1979 Grand Marquis saw gains in interior and baggage quad.^[7]

During the early 1980s, entirely three Ford divisions underwent a substantial rewrite of their full-sized and middle-size model ranges. Inside Hg, for 1983, the Fuddle middle-size platform was repackaged as the Marquis, with an all-new Cougar produced solely as a two-door coupe (the Zephyr was interrupted, replaced by the battlefront-wheel drive Topaz). The Grand Marquis was left as the sole full-sizing Quicksilver; first since 1951, the division produced a single sedan chair nameplate (alongside the Colony Car park beach wagon).

During its production, the first-generation Marvellous Marquis was marketed against the Buick Electra, Oldsmobile 98, and Chrysler Freshly Yorker (and Fifth Boulevard) some in size and price; by 1991, it would be the final vehicle in its section produced with a rear-wheel drive layout and a V8 engine.

Form specification [blue-pencil]

The commencement-generation Grand Marquis was built on the rear-wheel movement Ford Hermann Hueffer Cougar platform. While Ford and Hg sedans had divided rough-cut soma underpinnings since 1961, the Panther chassis marked the first time the two exemplary lines shared a common wheelbase (114.3 inches, downsized from 124 inches).

Although reduced in size, the Rarefied Marquis would keep on the rudimentary suspension design of its predecessor, with a live rear axle suspension and big wishbone independent front suspension, with coil springs at all four wheels. In 1985, shoot a line-negatively charged shock absorbers were standardized for the model line, with load-leveling rear air suspension introduced as an option.^[8] The Grand Marquess was fitted with front ventilated phonograph record brakes and rear drum brakes.^[9]

For 1986, 15-inch wheels made their return Eastern Samoa standard equipment (subsequently having been an option since 1979).^[8]

Powertrain [edit]

As the Grand Marquis became a distinct model line for 1983, its powertrain underwent several revisions. The standard 4.2L V8 was discontinued, with a 130 HP fire-injected 4.9L V8 (rounded up to 5.0L by Ford) becoming the solitary engine offering. Shared with the Abraham Lincoln Town Car and LTD Crown Victoria, in 1986, the 5.0L V8 adopted multi-port fire injection with a cast-aluminum upper ingestion manifold, maximising output to 150 hp.^{[8] [10]} As an option, a 180 hp 5.8L V8 made its pass for the Grand Don Marquis^{[ citation requisite ]}; joint with Crossing patrol/fleet cars, the 5.8L V8 was the final carbureted engine sold-out in North-central America by Gerald Ford at the time of its 1991 discontinuation.

Some the 5.0L and 5.8L V8 engines were paired with the four-speed AOD overdrive automatic drive.

Locomotive engine name	Days ready	Configuration	Horsepower	Torque	Transmission
Henry Ford 5.0L Windsor V8	1983–1991	302 cu in (4.9 L) OHV V8	130 hp (97 kilowatt; 132 PS) (1983)[11] 140 hp (104 kW; 142 PS) (1984-1985, US)[12] 155 H.P. (116 kW; 157 PS) (1984-1985, Canada)[13] 150 hp (112 kW; 152 PS) (1986-1991)[10]	240 lb⋅foot (330 N⋅m) (1983)[11] 250 lb⋅foot (340 N⋅m) (1984-1985, US)[12] 265 pound⋅ft (359 N⋅m) (1984-1985, Canada)[13] 270 pound⋅ft (370 N⋅m) (1986-1991)[10]	Ford AOD 4-speed overdrive automatic
Edsel Bryant Ford Windsor V8[14]	1986–1991	5.8 L (351 copper in) OHV V8	180 hp (134 kW; 182 PS)	285 lb⋅ft (386 N⋅m)

Physical structure [edit]

The first-generation Grand Marquis was offered past Mercury solely Eastern Samoa a sedan, in two-door and quaternary-door configurations. For 1983 merely, the K Marquis was offered Eastern Samoa a station wagon (efficaciously a Colony Mungo Park without woodiness trim); from 1984 onward, all full-size Mercury wagons were Colony Parks. While titled just about selfsame to the LTD Poll Queen Victoria, the first-genesis Grand Marquis was three inches thirster than its Fording vis-a-vis; alongside the doors and front and rear windows, only the bumpers are outwardly mutual 'tween the two framework lines.

After the 1987 model year, the two-door Grand Marquis was discontinued; lonesome 4,904 were produced.^[15]

Out [cut]

In dividing line to the stainless-steel band surrounding the B-pillars of the LTD Poll Victoria, the Expansive Marquis was offered with multiple vinyl roof configurations, sharing the B-pillar "bus lamps" of the President Lincoln Town Railcar.^[16] Alongside the standard half-length vinyl roof, a unabridged roof was offered; the LS offered an additional option of a "buckram roof", configured with a "frenched" rear window. The Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui was styled with a different rear fascia, victimization high-width taillamps (separated by the license home plate).

During its production, the first-contemporaries Grand Marquis underwent tyke changes. For 1982, FALSE vents were separate from the social movement fenders. For 1983, as the Lofty Marquis became a distinct mannikin communication channel, the grille and taillamps were redesigned.^[8] For 1985, to lower production costs, the external "Electronic Fuel Injection" and "Automatic Overdrive" emblems were deleted (both had become standard features); for 1986, a CHMSL (center brake light) was introduced.^[8]

For 1988, the Grand Marquis underwent a mid-cycle revision, with restyled face and rear fascias, better desegregation the bumpers into the bodywork. To save weighting, steel bumpers were replaced by aluminum.^[8]

• 

  1983-1987 Chiliad Donald Robert Perry Marqui LS

• 

  1983-1987 Howling Donald Robert Perry Marqui, showing formal roof conformation

• 

  1988-1989 Dignified Marquis GS

• 

  1989 Big Marquis LS, showing the uncut roof

• 

  1988-1989 Rattling Donald Robert Perry Marqui LS

Interior [edit]

From 1979 to 1991, the Grand Marquis sedan was offered solely as a six-rider sedan with a front bench seat. While largely similar to its Ford counterpart, the dashboard of the Grand Marquis was trimmed with brushed stainless; in place of the horizontal speedometer, the Grand Don Marquis was fitted with two guileless pods for the fuel gauge, warning lights, and speedometer.

In 1985, the splasher underwent single revisions. Aboard the adoption of a single-DIN radio whole (phased in across all Ford vehicles), the 8-track cassette player and CB radio receiver options were out of print; verify of the trump shifted from the turn signal stalk to the steering wheel.^[8]

A part of the 1988 revision, the interior was updated with all-new seats (distinguished aside taller head restraints), an updated dashboard (with more than wood trim and amended gauges). The Noble Marquis LS received options including a JBL Sound 6-loudspeaker system AM/FM/Cassette stereo (with a power feeler) and a heated windscreen called "Instaclear".

For 1990, the interior underwent a second major revision. To follow with passive-restraint regulations, the Grand Marquis was given a driver-side of meat airbag; the rear outboard seats received 3-point seatbelts.^[17] Coinciding with the accession of the airbag, a new steering column consolidated the trafficator and wiper blade controls onto a individualistic stalk; tilt steering became standard.^{[8] [17]} The dashboard was completely redesigned, adoptive the horizontal speed indicator used past Ford (using a silver background); for the first time, a temperature caliber was enclosed alongside the fuel indicator.^[17]

Trim [edit]

From 1979 to 1982, the Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui returned arsenic a submarine-model of the Mercury Marquis model melodic line. Marketed as the flagship Mercury nameplate, the Grand Marquess competed against the Buick Electra, Oldsmobile 98, and Chrysler New Yorker (and New Yorker 5th Boulevard). For 1983, the Important Marquis was dilated to an unnamed standard trim and the top-trim LS. The former in effect replaced the Marquis Brougham (the Brougham nameplate was adopted by the middle-size Marquis) and the latter was a trim designation adopted across the Mercury model line during the 1980s.

As office of the 1988 model update, the standard-trim Grand Marquis became the GS (in line with the Topaz and Sable). The badging of the model line underwent a revision, as the script lettering used since its 1975 introduction was replaced by block-style lettering (in the fashio of the Sable, Topaz, and Tracer); the Lincoln-style hoodlum decoration was replaced away a variant with the Mercury "flying M" badge", which were added to the trunk lid and wheels.

Production [edit]

Production figures^[18]

Year	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	Total production
Units	95,718	131,396	147,139	98,929	120,503	111,611	130,248	72,945	79,329	987,818

Minute generation (1992–1997) [edit]

Motor vehicle

Second generation (EN53)[19]
1994 Impressive Marquis LS
Overview
Also called	Ford Grand Marquis (United Mexican States)
Production	Jan 14, 1991–October 1997
Sit age	1992–1997
Assembly	Canada: St. Thomas, Ontario (St. Thomas Assembly)
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan
Related	Ford Crown Victoria Ford Police Interceptor President Abraham Lincoln Town Car
Powertrain
Engine	4.6 L Modular V8
Transmittal	4-speed AOD automatic 4-speed AOD-E automatic 4-speed 4R70W automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	114.4 in (2,906 mm)
Duration	212.4 in (5,395 mm) (1992–94) 211.8 in (5,380 mm) (1995–97)
Width	77.8 in (1,976 mm) (1992–94) 78.0 in (1,981 millimetre) (1995–97)
Height	56.8 in (1,443 mm)

Canadian Export adaptation of a 1993 Grand Marquis with a different headlight set-upbound.

Unveiled on November 28, 1990, for the 1992 model year, both Henry Ford and Mercury Panther-platform cars underwent their most big changes since their introduction for 1979. While the flesh was preserved, the body was all-new from the ground up. Aft thirteen years on the market, the large sedans from Mercury and Ford were struggling against far more modern competition. Additionally, as an unintentional consequence of years of badge engineering, the Dignified Marquis and its LTD Crown Victoria vis-a-vis were left atomic number 3 virtual monovular twins. In a evidentiary break from precedent, the Grand Marquis and Ford Crown Victoria (no more an LTD model) were allowed completely different bodies; the only visually joint body parts were the front doors and the windshield. Development began in early 1987, with a design approval in 1988, Jan 14, 1991 start of production, and March 21, 1991 introduction.^{[20] [21]}

In line with the quietus of Ford Motor Company vehicles sold in North America, aeromechanics and fuel economy played a large role in the design of the new Grand Marquess. Unlike the Crest Victoria, which followed the blueprint themes of the Ford Michael Assa, the Grand Marquis would combine contemporary design with traditional styling features seen in full-sized sedans such as full-width taillights, a formal roofline, and a chromium-plate waterfall grille. In various forms, the chrome falls radiator grille became a signature tune styling feature film crossways the Mercury line of merchandise from the late 1990s onward.

As part of the redesign, Ford sought a new type of buyer for its full-size Mercury sedan; instead of the older buyers who traditionally bought them, the 1992 Heroic Marquis was marketed to younger buyers in need of a bigger car than a Ford Taurus/Mercury Sable.^[22] As so much, the opera lamps and padded vinyl top were discontinued (the last mentioned decorous a dealer-installed option), and the artificial wire cycle covers were replaced by aluminum admixture wheels. Revisions to the suspension and steerage were made to improve some ride and handling.^[22] To ameliorate fillet, four-wheel disc brakes replaced the rear drum brakes, with optional ABS; grip ascendence was available American Samoa an selection.

Eastern Samoa with the 1988-1991 models, the Grand Marquis was available in base-trim GS and deluxe-trim LS models. LS models are of import aside front cornering lamps. From 1992 onward, the Grand Marquis was produced solely as a four-door sedan, as the Colony Park station wagon was discontinued. Ford's Keyless Entry System became optional on lower-lop packages, and canonic along upper trim packages.

Class-to-year changes [edit]

• 1992: 2d-generation Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui introduced at the Northeasterly American Outside Auto Evidenc on January 11, 1991 after the November 28, 1990 introduction. It launched along March 21, 1991 Eastern Samoa an early 1992 model.^[22] All models accompany driver's-side airbag measure with an elective passenger-side airbag. Partway through the manikin class, the AOD transmitting was replaced past the AOD-E, which brought with IT a contrary bellhousing blueprint.
• 1993: Two-fold airbags become standard equipment happening all models. Radios are redesigned with a new control layout.
• 1994: Increased side entrance impact protection. A/C refrigerant changed from R-12 to R-134a.
• 1995: Middle-cycle redesign. Exterior trim back features increased use of body-color crop and less chrome. On the front, a larger, rounder grille is better integrated to the consistency, spell all lights happening the strawma are changed to clear lenses. The license plate is now centered in between the taillamps. On the trunk lid, the Mercury and Grand Marquis lettering is italicized and reduced in size. Inside, more of the inland receives an update, with new seats, door panels, and the entire dashboard is redesigned with attention paid to ergonomics. Shift locations with the mood controls, a Double-Tumult energy featured large buttons and knobs; on models without machine-driven climate controls, rotary knobs replaced sliding controls. The power seat controls, if specified, were now located happening the door panels along with magnified buttons for the power Windows and door locks. The outdated horizontal speed indicator was replaced by the instrument bundle used in the Crown Victoria (adding a voltmeter and oil-pressure gauge); a appendage instrument control board with the trip computer was still an option.
• 1996: No major changes. Inside, the Ford "brick" airbag wheel in use since 1990 was replaced with a newborn design shared with many Ford and Lincoln-Mercury cars, integrating the automobile horn into a smaller steerage bicycle hub.
• 1997: Last year for the second-generation Noble-minded Marquis. The Mercury emblems are remote from the C-pillars. Following the discontinuance of the Chevrolet Caprice and Buick Roadmaster by General Motors, 1997 Grand Marquis sales would move up over 20% in comparison to 1996.

Powertrain [edit]

1995–97 Mercury Grand Marquis (with dealer-installed vinyl radical roof)

While the Panther platform was carried terminated from 1991, an all-novel engine would be used for the 1992 Grand Marquis. The replacement for the OHV 5.0 L and 5.8 L Windsor V8s, the 4.6 L SOHC Modular V8 locomotive engine was the first (and as of 2014, the merely) overhead-cam V8 to come out in an Terra firma-market chockful-size sedan. Producing 190 horsepower, information technology was more powerful and more fuel-efficient than either of its predecessors. An optional handling package, including a harsh-duty suspension, 3.27 buns-axle (instead of 2.73), and a dual-exhaust system that raised engine output signal to 210 hp was an option. It was largely the counterpart to the Ford Crown Victoria Touring Sedan.

All models of the Grand Marquis were coupled to a 4-speed involuntary transmission. For 1993, the hydraulically price-controlled AOD transmission was replaced away the electronically controlled AOD-E infection.^[17] In 1995, the AOD-E was replaced the heavier-duty 4R70W transmission;^[17] it was shared with the Lincoln Mark VIII and Town Car.

Engine name	Years on hand	Shape	H.P.	Torsion	Infection
Ford Modular V8	1992-1997	4.6 L (281 atomic number 29 in) SOHC 16-valve V8	190 hp (193 PS) (I-exhaust) 210 HP (213 PS) (dual-eat; drone-towing or handling package)	260 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) 270 lb⋅ft (370 N⋅m)	Ford Hermann Hueffer AOD 4-speed overuse automatic (1992) Ford AOD-E 4-speed overdrive automatic (1993-1994) Ford 4R70W 4-rush along overdrive automatic (1995-1997)

Production [edit]

While the redesigned 1992 Grand Marquis/Crown Queen Victoria would prove more fuel-efficient than their predecessors, a loophole in Coffee bar regulations allowed Ford Motor Company to sell both flooded-size cars and improve the average economy of all of its cars. CAFE regulations require vehicles with fewer than 75% domestic parts content to be counted A part of an automaker's imported flit rather than a domestic one. During the 1991 retooling for production of 1992 models at its St. Norman Mattoon Thomas, Lake Ontario facility, Ford switched a number of its parts suppliers from Canada and the America to suppliers outside North America, bringing the domestic parts content of the Grand Marquis and Pennant Victoria below 75%.^[23] Per se, the High-minded Marquis was now part of a fleet consisting primarily of the far more fuel-underspent Ford Festiva rather than other V8-engined cars much as the Cougar and Ford Mustang.

Subsequently 1996, General Motors ended production of its B-platform sedans, discontinuing the Buick Roadmaster and Chevrolet Caprice; without its closest address competitors, Ford and Lincoln-Mercury were left with a highly profitable market niche essentially to themselves;^[24] however, various competitors began to introduce competitive vehicles in the segment. Replacement the outdated Monarchy and Fifth Boulevard, the 1994 Chrysler New Yorker (terrace seat) and LHS (bucketful seating) were the first Chrysler sedans to match the interior dimensions of the Grand Don Marquis since the 1970s. For 1995, the Toyota Avalon was the primary Japanese-brand sedan sold with six-passenger seating (although assembled in the United States); an extended-wheelbase version of the Camry, the Avalon was considered a choke-full-size sedan on the basis of its inland space.

Production figures^[25]

Year	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	Total production
Units	163,262	90,367	107,894	94,202	104,433	127,949	688,107

Tierce genesis (1998–2002) [edit]

Motorial vehicle

Third generation (EN114)[26]
Overview
Too called	Ford Grand Marquis (Mexico, Republic of Venezuela)
Model years	1998–2002
Fabrication	Canada: St. Thomas, Ontario (St. Seth Thomas Forum)
Body and form
Body elan	4-door sedan
Related	Ford Crown Victoria Ford Police Interceptor Abraham Lincoln Townsfolk Railway car
Powertrain
Engine	4.6 L Modular V8
Transmission	4-speed 4R70W automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	114.7 in (2,913 mm)
Distance	211.9 in (5,382 millimetre)
Width	78.2 in (1,986 mm)
Height	56.8 in (1,443 mm)

The third-multiplication Grand Marquis went on sale in late 1997 for the 1998 model yr with an biological process update to the exterior and interior. While the 1992 Coronate Victoria was better received in the market than the new-for-1991 Chevrolet Caprice, its exterior design (inspired away the Ford Taurus) was not as popularly standard as the Grand Marquess. The love-or-detest styling factor was bolstered past the fact that the Grand Marquis outsold the Crown Victoria in 1994 and 1997, despite the Vic's police and fleet gross revenue vantage. Ford took mark and kept the Grand Marquess' design language in place for 1998 while delivery more than of it to the Pennant Victoria to pivot away from 1992 to 1997 "Aero" look.

To streamline production, Ford and Mercury returned to a shared rear roofline between the deuce simulate lines, using the formal backside styling of the Grand Marquis; the configuration would stay on in use of goods and services through the end of yield in 2011.

With General Motors' full-size B-personify vehicles discontinued in 1996 to centerin connected more profitable SUVs and trucks, the third-genesis Grand Marquis mostly competed against its Ford Poll Victoria opposite number and remained successful, selling over 100,000 units per year.

Chassis specification [edit]

The third-generation Grand Marquis retained the Panther chassis from its predecessors, lengthened in wheelbase to 114.7 inches. To upgrade handling stability, the ternary-link rear axle (in use on large Fords since 1965) was replaced by a four-relate rear axle with a Watt's gene linkage, though a congealed rear axle was retained.^[17] To improve braking, the four-wheel disc brakes were given plural-piston calipers for the front rotors, requiring the use of 16-column inch wheels.^[17] For 2002, ABS became standard.^[17] The grip hold (which remained an choice) was revised to work at any speed (rather than solely low speeds).

Powertrain [edit]

The third-generation Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui retained the Lapplander powertrain as the 1995-1997 Big Don Marquis, with a 4.6L Modular V8 and a 4-speed 4R70W automatic drive. In a minor revision, several underhood components were relocated, with the power steering reservoir was loving to the engine and the coolant overflow reservoir was relocated onto the radiator (some were located on a fender).^[17] In another change, the engine was converted to coil-on-plug ignition on with fail-safe cooling using a dual-speed electric fan.^[17]

For 1998, the standard-equipment V8 (with single exhaust) was increased in output to 200 hp (from 190). The manipulation suspension package continuing in yield, paired with the dual-exhaust version of the 4.6L V8, producing 215 H.P.. For 2001, the engines were re-tuned to 220 and 235 hp, severally.

A 2.73 keister-axle ratio was matched with single-exhaust engines; As partially of the handling package, a numerically higher rear-axle ratio was used. For 2000 and early 2001, a 3.55 rear axle was used; other versions ill-used a 3.27 butt axle.

Engine name	Shape	Years visible	Output signal		Transmission
			Horsepower	Torsion
Ford Modular V8	4.6 L (281 Cu in) SOHC 16-valve V8	1998-2000	200 hp (203 PS) (single use up) 215 hp (218 PS) (dual exhaust; handling packet)	265 lb⋅ft (359 N⋅m)285 lb⋅ft (386 N⋅m)	Ford 4R70W 4-speed overuse automatic
		2001-2002	220 hp (223 PS) (one-on-one exhaust) 235 hp (238 PS) (dual-exhaust; handling package/LSE)	265 lb⋅ft (359 N⋅m)275 lb⋅foot (373 N⋅m)
		1998-2002	221 hp (224 PS) (dual exhaust; GCC exportation)	304 lb⋅foot (412 N⋅m)

Body design [edit]

While bearing a strong resemblance to the premature generation, the 1998 Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui shared only the roof stamping and doors from its 1997 predecessor. Designers revised the front and rear bumpers, squaring hit their blueprint. The exterior trim was largely simplified, deleting the chrome trim above the headlamps. The rear fascia is similar to the Crown Victoria but alternatively uses a red lens panel between the taillights. The grille was restyled slightly as a larger version of the 1995-1997 design.

The interior was carried all over from the 1995 update, with a two-spoke wheel replacing the previous four-spoke design. The chrome trim was deleted from the editorial-mounted gear shifter and the blinker lever.^[17] For 2001, the Crown Victoria Falls and Grand Marquis adoptive radios with an integrated clock function (used away other Ford vehicles since the earlyish 1980s), with the segregated digital clock deleted.^[17]

• 

  1998-2002 Atomic number 8 Grand Marquis GS

• 

  1998 Mercury Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui LS Brougham (dealer-installed option bundle)

• 

  2001 Ford Princely Marquis (export)

• 

  Rear view, 2001 Hg Grand Marquis LS

• 

  Front seat, 1998-2002 Mercury August Marquis

• 

  Behind seat, 1998-2002 Mercury Grand Don Marquis

Production figures^[25]

Year	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	Total production
Units	134,155	142,372	132,870	100,774	96,034	606,206

Fourth generation (2003–2011) [edit]

Motive vehicle

Fourth generation
2005 Mercury Dignified Marquis (30th Anniversary Version)
Overview
Also titled	Ford Grand Marquis (Mexico)
Production	2002-January 4, 2011
Theoretical account years	2003–2011
Assembly	Canada: St. Thomas, Ontario (St. Lowell Jackson Thomas Assembly)
Organic structure and build
Body style	4-door sedan
Related	Mercury Marauder Ford Crown Victoria Ford Police Interceptor Lincoln Town Car
Powertrain
Engine	4.6 L Modular V8
Transmission	4-speed 4R70W automatic(2003–2005) 4-speed 4R75E mechanical (2006–2011)
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2003–2008: 114.7 in (2,913 mm) 2009–2011: 114.6 in (2,911 millimetre) 120.7 in (3,066 mm)(Long wheelbase)
Distance	211.9 in (5,382 mm) (1998–2005) 212.0 in (5,385 mm) (2006–2011) 220.0 in (5,588 mm)(Oblong wheelbase)
Width	78.2 in (1,986 mm) (1998–2008) 78.3 in (1,989 mm) (2009–2011)
Height	56.8 in (1,443 mm) (1998–2008) 56.3 in (1,430 mm) (2009–2011)
Curb weightiness	4,118–4,137 pounds (1,868–1,877 kilogram)

2005 Mercury Grand Don Marquis

2003-2005 Mercury Grand Marquis

2006-2007 Mercury Grand Marquis LS

2006 Hg August Marquis LS

Photograph of a 2006-2011 Mercury Grand Marquis instrument dialog box

2011 Mercury Lordly Marquis. This vehicle was converted to run on propane.

For 2003, the Grand Marquis saw an extensive styling update, and the Ford Panther chassis was redesigned first since its introduction for 1979. During the 2000s, Mercury would introduce two additional full-size of it sedans: the 2003-2004 Mercury Marauder and the 2005-2007 Mercury Montego (rebranded the 2008-2009 Atomic number 8 Sable). In addition, the Grand Don Marquis largely replaced the Ford Crown Queen Victoria in the retail market since the CV was far from retail sale for the 2008 model yr. This was reflected in the fourth generation Grand Don Marquis' styling shifting over to the more generic wine look of the third-generation Crown Victoria, combining elements of both vehicles into one model that would answer some customer bases.

In 2010, the Grand Marquis scarred 35 years of production, overtaking the Cougar equally the longest-produced nameplate sold-out past the Mercury brand. In September 2010, after a short product run, the final versions for retail cut-rate sale were produced. Slated to end production in December 2010, the production of fleet models was prolonged imputable a parts shortfall at the St. Thomas, Ontario factory. Happening January 4, 2011, the last Grand Don Marquis was produced in St. Thomas; it was the last-place Quicksilver produced by Ford.

Chassis [edit]

While styling changes to the 2003 K Marquis were organic process, the changes to the Cougar platform were far more encompassing. To better chassis rigidness, an all-new frame was introduced with fully boxed and hydroformed frame rails. In an effort to improve handling, the forepart and rear suspension were redesigned along with the brakes. A quiet EBD brake booster with a mechanical panic assist system was added. The newfangled suspension changes required changing wheel designs to those with a high positive offset. Rack and pinion steering replaced the familiar recirculating ball system in an effort to increment steering precision and reduce costs. In standard versions of the Thousand Marquis, the rear-axle ratio was 2.73:1; in LSE and versions with the handling suspension, a 3.27:1 rear-axle ratio was used. The handling package was standardized equipment on LS-lean export models.

For 2008, the Handling and Performance Package, as well as the 5-passenger front pail-seat option, were both discontinued; both were similar to the Crown Victoria's Sixty Premium Sport and Handling Package. These were the only post-1992 Grand Marquis variants produced for Northwestward America to be equipped with dual exhaust.

For the 2003 mould year, the Rattling Marquis retained the edition of the Modular V8 introduced in 2001. Single-use up versions produced 220 hp, while the dual-exhaust version raised output to 235 hp. During the redesign, a number of changes were successful to the railway locomotive. The oil pan was enlarged 20% to six quarts and an engine knock sensor was made standard. Other changes enclosed an intake manifold with an aluminum water crossover and an electronic returnless fuel organisation. The new engine was distinguished aside a redesigned engine cover, featuring a chromium-plate "V8" allegory; the oil filler cap was moved to the passenger-side valve comprehend and the tycoo direction fluid reservoir was affected slay of the locomotive block onto the radiator winding-sheet.

For 2006, revisions to engine tuning added 4 hp to both versions of the Modular V8, for a total of 224 and 239 hp, severally. In 2007, the engine was given flex-fuel capacity (E85). Later on the 2007 model year, the 239 hp version of the Grand Marquis was sold only for GCC export.

All versions of the Grand Marquis were sold with variants of the AOD 4-quicken overdrive automatic transmission. From 2003 to 2005, the 4R70W was used. In 2006, it was replaced by the 4R75E shared with the Ford truck lineup.^[17]

Engine name	Years available	Form	Horsepower	Torque	Transmission
Ford Modular V8	2003-2011	4.6 L (281 cu in) SOHC 2-valve V8	224 hp (227 Postscript) (respective-exhaust) 239 hp (242 PS) (dual-exhaust; LSE, export)	272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m) 287 pound⋅foot (389 N⋅m)	Ford 4R70W 4-rush along overdrive automatic (2003-2005) Ford 4R75E 4-speed overdrive automatic (2006-2011)

Exterior [edit]

As part of the redesign, Lincoln-Mercury stylists were tasked with giving the Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui a more present-day look, bringing IT in line with other Mercury-division vehicles. While largely evolutionary, a number of changes modernized the exterior. In a change similar to the 2003 Town Car redesign, the heavily bean-shaped bumpers seen on the Rarefied Marquis since 1992 gave way to a squared-off lower look. The trunk and taillight trim was simplified with more contemporary badging. In the front, to better cooling system, a larger grillwork introduced the Grand Marquess to the Mercury waterfall-style grille trim. The previously optional lockup gas cap was distant on all models. Idealistic Marquis LS Pocket-size Editions were equipped with a bonnet ornament, seen for the first time since 1991; the option also marked the return of factory-produced two-spirit rouge. To ease production, the Dignified Marquis adoptive trunk-color trim for the B-pillars, corresponding to the Treetop Victoria Falls.

In 2005, for a single year, the radio antenna became externally affixed, to the rear end fender. After age of declining gross revenue, chrome electrify cycle covers were nonobligatory from the manufactory for the last time. For 2006, the Grand Marquis was given a mid-cycle out update, in what would be the next-to-last styling update for the Panther vehicles. The trapezoidal grille seen since 1995 was replaced by a rectangular unitary with a waterfall pattern look-alike to the Montego; the headlight clusters no more large to the sides of the grille, in a fashion quasi to the 1988-1991 Idealistic Marquis. A redesign of the lower bumper allowed the summation of foglights as an choice first. In the rear, the trunk trim was changed from Bolshevik to gray.

Department of the Interior [edit out]

Spell not as extensive as changes to the exterior or material body, Mercury made a keep down of changes to update the interior of the Grand Marquis in its 2003 redesign. Updated door panels and redesigned switchgear improved interior biotechnology, spell the dashboard from 1995 remained in place. A plural media (cassette/CD) player made standard along with a valet key.^[17] In the interest of safety, and to hold bac up with other Crossing Motorial Company vehicles, a shoulder belt was added for the parent middle passenger and side airbags were introduced Eastern Samoa an option.^[17]

In 2005, referable different mechanical modifications, some changes are made.^[17] The steering editorial is replaced with a non-locking design; a flat-top wheel replaces the disc-shaped-tip version used since 1998. A in full electronic accelerator pedal moves the cruise control function into the main engine computer. For the front seats, resident weight sensors were added, which allowed the front rider airbag to be disabled. An Audiophile 6-disc in-dash Cd changer became available as an option on LS-trim models.

For 2006, another prima convert was made As the board happening all Panther-platform cars was redesigned; the optional integer pawn panel was discontinued, as was the use of an parallel odometer. While the oil pressure and voltage gauges were remote, a notable addition was a tachometer; the Grand Marquis was uncomparable of the last Ford vehicles sold without one. Like-minded to strange Ford vehicles, the new instrument panel features a Number one wood Information Center of attention (trip computer), consolidating numerous functions antecedently seen in the overhead soothe in between the speed indicator and tachometer. In 2007, an machine-dimming rearview mirror was added As an option, on with a life-sized love handle (making its return). In 2009, ascribable federal regulations, lateral airbags became standard equipment along with concave window switches.

Cut back [edit]

As start out of the redesign, Quicksilver would modification the Grand Marquis pare lineup for 2003. In shoes of the traditional two-role model job, the Grand Marquis was enlarged to five. In addition to the mean-trim GS, there was now GS Convenience, LS Premium, LS Ultimate, and LSE. Introduced at the Chicago Auto Show in February 2001, and in showrooms by May, the LSE was designated as the LS Premium with a pregnant-duty rear suspension, shorter rear-axle ratio, and a 239-hp dual-exhaust locomotive; IT offered 5-passenger seating with leather, dual power bucket seats, with a center console and floor shifter. The 2003 LSE was short-lived, as its production finished in December 2002; information technology made a brief return for 2005.

From 2003 to 2005 a Noncomprehensive Variation version of the LS model was sold. This enclosed an appearance package with chromed mirrors, body-colored door handles, and a two-tonicity leather internal. Limited Variation models too came with root airbags standard. They included a Mercury badge hood ornament, making its return for the for the first time time since 1991.

For 2007 LS models, a Palm Beach trim option was available; it consisted primarily of peculiar upholstery and badging. For 2009, succeeding the introduction of a "Nobelium-Stock" marketing rule of thumb by Lincoln-Mercury, the Grand Marquis trim line underwent a revision. Parenthesis from unsound-wheelbase GCC export models, the GS was dropped, patc the LS was split into two series: LS Pass and LS Retail. The former was available exclusively for evanesce purchase in the United States of America while the latter was available only by dealer particular grade to minimize unsold stock list of cars. Furthermore, incentives Eastern Samoa high every bit $4000 per vehicle were added to remove previous stock from trader lots. A Ford had announced the discontinuation of the Mercury brand in the summertime of 2010, completely 2011 examples are Mercury Grand Don Marquis LS Ultimate Editions.

Sales [edit]

Production figures^[25]

Year	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010[27]	2011[28]	Total Production
Units	92,140	87,583	66,133	54,688	50,664	29,766	24,783	28,543	248	434,548

Discontinuance [blue-pencil]

Connected June 2, 2010, Ford announced that it would end production of every last Mercury vehicles aside the end of 2010 every bit it discontinued the brand after 72 years. As a result of an unplanned holdup in parts shipments, the final Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui was produced on Jan 4, 2011 at 7:46 am.^[1] The St. Thomas Assembly plant in Ontario, Canada closed September 2011, bringing an end to the product of the Ford Pate Victoria and Lincoln Townspeople Car.

In day-and-night production for 36 years, the 1000 Marquis was the longest-produced Mercury. In total, over 2.7 million were produced, fashioning information technology the popular vehicle sold-out aside the blade.^[29] Among Ford Motor Company models in North US, only the Ford Econoline, Ford Mustang, Gerald Rudolph Ford Thunderbird, Ford F-Series, and Lincoln Europe nameplates suffer been produced longer. The Panther platform served As the basis for Grand Marquis design for 32 years. Nearly unmatched aside other automakers for longevity, the external appearance of the Large Marquis remained largely same for the last 19 years of its production life (on with its engine, the 2011 model distributed a list of body panels with its 1992 counterpart).

Production totals (1983-2011)

Twelvemonth	1983-1991	1992–1997	1998–2002	2003–2011	Total production
Units	987,818	688,107	606,206	434,548	2,716,679

Export markets [edit]

During its output, the Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui was sold throughout North America, although it was non always badged as a Mercury. Outside of North America, exports were concentrated on the Middle Eastern market, where its large size and V8 power were attributes still sought by buyers towards the goal of product.

Canada [edit]

Later on 1999, Ford of Canada discontinued gross sales of the Ford Crown Victoria outside of moneymaking fleets and law enforcement, concentrating civilian sales in Canada happening the Mercury Grand Marquis. Following the 2004 model class, the Mercury stigmatize was phased call at Canada, though Ford of Canada would marketplace the Thou Marquis through its Ford dealerships. Sales continuing through the end of product in 2011, arsenic it was replaced by the redesigned Ford Taurus introduced for 2010.

Mexico [cut]

Ford de United Mexican States would market the Mercury Grand Marquis under the Ford brand twice. In 1982, the Grand Marquis was introduced every bit the refilling for the Ford LTD Crown Victoria Falls and wagons, but it was always sold in Mexico as a Ford model. The Grand Marquis patrol wagon was produced and sold for the Mexican food market as the Ford August Marquis Country Squire; it was sold through the 1984 model year. From 1992 to 1994 it was manufactured in United Mexican States.^{[ citation needed ]}, subsequently which information technology was imported from Saint Thomas, Ontario, Canada. Eating away both Ford Madox Ford and Quicksilver badging, the High-minded Marquis adapted a Ford Blue Oval on the automobile trunk lid after 1998.

Although the Gerald R. Ford Grand Marquis was considered a sales achiever in Mexico and developed a reputation for luxury and prestige as the most expensive domestic nameplate available for sales agreement, as in the Confederative States, gross sales began to decline American Samoa the model aged. For the 2005 model yr, Ford de Mexico replaced the Grand Marquis with the Ford Pentad Hundred, sold-out through 2007.

Middle East (GCC) [edit]

GCC-spec 2003 Rattling Marquis LS

The Gilded Marquis and its Edsel Bryant Ford Crown Victoria vis-a-vis were marketed in Kuwait City and Saudi Arabia, two members of the Disconnect Cooperation Council (GCC). The GCC-Spec vehicles initially offered a lower berth price, reliability, and relative simplicity (compared to German and Japanese luxury sedans), but the GCC-spec Mercury Grand Marquis began to suffer grocery store share in the 2000s towards updated competitors (such as the Holden-produced Chevrolet Caprice and Contrivance Courser).

Modification [edit]

Rear interior, showing 40/20/40 Lincoln Township Car front seats

Produced alongside North North American nation examples in Thomas the doubting Apostle, Ontario, GCC-Spec versions of the Mercury Grand Marquis included several mechanical and trim modifications.

All were fitted with the High Ambient Temperature and Speed Package, heavy-duty battery, and an auxiliary transmittance fluid cooler. Prior to 2002, export vehicles enclosed a catalytic converter blue-pencil option. All standard-wheelbase examples were fitted with true dual exhaust.

To elevate handling, the M Marquis was available with an Export Manipulation Package as an option. The counterpart to the Manipulation and Public presentation Package oversubscribed in the United States, the Exportation Handling Package consisted of rear air suspension (with stiffer springs), a larger face stabilizer bar, and a heavy-duty rear anti-sway bar. In contrast to the U.S., the GCC-spec option maintained the stock rear axle ratio. Received on the LS trig level, the box was available for any monetary standard-wheelbase GCC-spec Grand Marquis. Succeeding 2003, the model was identified away a trunk chapeau spoiler (shared with the Hydrargyrum Marauder).

From 1998, the GCC-spec Mercury Grand Marquess was fitted with the 40/20/40 schism front seats of the Capital of Nebraska Town Car (in place of a 50/50 part-bench). To accommodate for the Midsection East-central climate, cloth seats are standard equipment, with leather upholstery American Samoa an option. Additionally, the language of exemplary labels are in Semite.

Trim variation [edit]

C-pillar badging along a 2009 Grand Marquis GSL

Midriff Northeastern versions of the Grand Marquis are equipped with slenderly different options and features than their Northwest American counterparts. Prior to 2009, six different trim levels were available:

• GS
• GS Convenience
• GSL
• LS (LSE small to mid-2001 to middle-2003 and 2005 mould year)
• LS Premium
• LS Eventual

In 2009, the LS models were only visible with a column shifter and 40/20/40 Lincoln Townsfolk Car seats, accessible in luxury fabric or leather trim. The GSL is a long-wheelbase model offering 152 millimetres (6.0 in) of extra legroom for rear passengers. It is supplied with like-minded an LS model, with standard features such as an 8-way world power number one wood's seat (2-manner manual rider as), side airbags, leather-wrapped steering wheel, automatically dimming rearview mirror, electronic clime control, power-adjustable pedals, premium sound arrangement with CD and cassette, 17-inch wheels with 235/55WR17 Goodyear Eagle RS-A tires, heated door mirrors, fog lights and special "GSL" badging. The in one case-optional caliber flock is standard, with controls located connected the center of the dashboard, between the headunit and mood controls. In North America, this model was only ready to fleet customers equally a commercial (taxi) version of the Ford Crown Victoria.

For 2009, the Grand Marquis was just available in two antithetic cut levels: GSL and LS, both of which were near-identical in terms of features and options. The LS was a Swift model, which was to a great extent de-placid, losing once-standard features much as an overhead console with a compass and a top executive passenger seat. The Export Handling Package was born, eliminating features such as the Mercury Marauder spoiler and tooshie air suspension.

For 2010, the GS model reappeared in the lineup, and several features (such as the Mercury Vulture spoiler) became available as standalone options. The Export Handling Parcel was made touchstone along with a power passenger seat. In Kuwait, the LS model (M7F) was not available to the general public in 2010, as they are hard oversubscribed to fleet buyers, much atomic number 3 the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Health and state-owned Kuwait Oil Keep company, where they are presented to employees atomic number 3 fringe benefits.

For 2011, the oblong-wheelbase GSL was replaced by the GS, and the LS model was successful acquirable again to the general public in Kuwait. The LS Ultimate Variation clay a Fleet mock up and differed slightly from the GS, armed with leather seats, electronic automatic temperature control (EATC), and an automatically dimming rump-view mirror. Lumbar support was no longer available.

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Abdel-Razzaq, Lauren; Phillips, David (January 3, 2011). "Mercury rolls into history with build of final Grand Don Marquis". AutoWeek. Archived from the original on Oct 2, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
2. ^ "1974 Abraham Lincoln-Mercury Brochure". oldcarbrochures.com . Retrieved June 24, 2022.
3. ^ ^{a b} "1974 Lincoln-Hg Booklet". oldcarbrochures.com . Retrieved June 24, 2022.
4. ^ Odin, L.C. A concise guide to the Gerald R. Ford and Mercury full-size automobile yield 1969-1978. Belvedere Publishing, 2022. ASIN: B01HE91Y4K.
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11. ^ ^{a b} "Detailed spectacles review of 1983 Mercury Grand Marquis 4-Room access Sedan offered since Oct 1982 for In the north America U.S." automobile-catalogue.com . Retrieved July 31, 2022.
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13. ^ ^{a b} "Detailed specs review of 1984 Mercury Grand Marquis 4-Doorway offered since September 1983 for North America Canada". motorca-catalogue.com . Retrieved July 31, 2022.
14. ^ "Detailed spectacles revaluation of 1986 Mercury Grand Donald Robert Perry Marqui 4-Door 5.8L V-8 HO offered since October 1985 for North America U.S. Police force use". automobile-catalog.com . Retrieved July 31, 2022.
15. ^ "Box Panther Production Numbers". Retrieved February 5, 2014.
16. ^ "1984 Mercury Grand Marquis Pamphlet". oldcarbrochures.com . Retrieved May 20, 2022.
17. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} "Liquid's Model Year Changes". Archived from the groundbreaking along May 1, 2007. Retrieved December 10, 2007.
18. ^ "Box Panther Production Numbers game". Retrieved February 5, 2014.
19. ^ Holloway, Charles A.; Bowen, Professor H. Kent; Mark Wayne Clark, Kim B.; Wheelwright, Steven C. (1994). The Perpetual Enterprise Machine: Seven Keys to Business firm Renewal Through Successful Product and Process Development. ISBN9780195080520.
20. ^ Holloway, Charles VII A.; Bowen, Professor H. Kent; Clark, Kim B.; Wheelwright, Steven C. (1994). The Unremitting Enterprise Machine: Seven Keys to Corporate Renewal Through Successful Product and Process Development. ISBN9780195080520.
21. ^ "Ford unveils 'import' Mercury Of import Marquis for 1992".
22. ^ ^{a b c} Titus, Rick (April 1991). "Ford Revitalizes Big Car Batting order". Popular Mechanism. 168 (4): 127. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
23. ^ Rules of origin issues related to NAFTA and the North American automotive industry: report to the Citizens committee on Ways and Means, US House of Representatives of Representatives, on investigation zero. 332-314 under plane section 332 of the Tariff Bi of 1930. U.S. World-wide Trade Commission. 1991. pp. 47. 1992 mercury 1000 marquis.
24. ^ Apcar, Elmore Leonard M. (Sept 28, 1997). "Behind the Wheel - Mercury One thousand Marquis; Seat Parkway but Refusing to Retire: A Case of Nonclassical Maturity". The New York Times.
25. ^ ^{a b c} The Encyclopedia of Solid ground Cars, 2006 Edition
26. ^ http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:inMCA-Qh9rUJ:edit.autonews.com/article/19950501/ANA/505010774/%26template%3Dprint%26nocache%3D1+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=United States
27. ^ "Ford Motorial Company December 2010 US Sales" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 7, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
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29. ^ "Mercury History" (PDF) (Press spillage). Henry Ford II Motor. Archived from the original (PDF) connected Honourable 21, 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2022.

External links [edit]

Media related to Mercury Grand Marquis at Wikimedia Commons

Mercury Grand Marquis Ls 2006 No a/c Fan

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Grand_Marquis